Wilfred Owen’s Anthem for Doomed Youth Analysis

Wilfred Owen's Anthem for a Doomed Youth is exactly that, an anthem ( a solemn song) to commemorate the innocent youth, whose lives were taken to soon by war. By using the word anthem, he calls to mind the glory and honor of a national anthem, however; he goes on to explain that there is no honor or glory in death, pairing the words doomed and youth together creates so much sorrow as well, it provides a woeful impression as it foretells of young people having no hope. Written in sonnet form, it is an elegy for the dead.The octave deals with auditory images of war and death and the sestet deals with more visual images. Wilfred Owen masterfully uses both imagery and figurative language to convey his lament for these young people who died. In the octet of this poem (the first eight lines), Owen catalogues all the images of death, such as â€Å"passing bells†, â€Å"anger of the guns†, rattle of guns, funeral prayers, â€Å"wailing shells†, â€Å"bugles and sad shir es†. Many of these images are personified as well, such as the rattling guns and wailing shells.These images will be the funeral that the boys get, not the real one that they deserve. This personification contributes to the harshness of the images and creates auditory images for the reader. The reader can hear the sensory images. However, these images are also set directly against religious imagery, to further emphasize the destructiveness of war. The passing bells, prayers, choirs, and candles emphasize the preciousness of human life. Owen may go so far as to suggest that even religion is helpless against such a powerful destructive force as war.This tone is suggested by the fact that prayers and bells are set against a word like â€Å"mockery†. Just the term â€Å"hasty orisons† has a somewhat disrespectful tone. Owen's use of both similes and metaphors further emphasize the meaning of the poem. The first line jolts the reader with the simile that these young p eople â€Å"die as cattle†. The description depicts multitudes of people being slaughtered and the nature of war to be full of mass deaths. The similes showing how the soldiers are no more important than cattle which are lead to the slaughter without feeling.Owen gives the sonnet a powerful, negative connotation from the very beginning. He implies with this phrase a dehumanization of the soldiers as well as the fact that war causes human beings to treat each other as less than human. In line three, the reader can hear the sound imagery of the â€Å"stuttering rifles' rapid rattle†. The word â€Å"anger† in line 2 also emphasizes the destructive hatred of war. â€Å"Choirs of wailing shells† is a powerful metaphor in line 7 contrasting the world of war and the world of God. For the rest of the poem various religious images abound.For example, the word candles would call to mind the church candles, but they also mean the candles lit in rooms where coffins l ie. â€Å"Holy glimmers of goodbyes† (line 9) combines religious imagery with the idea of death. In the pallor half rhyme of line 11, these two words combine in one line to show the seriousness of the situation. Young people are dying in war, and it is tragic. The â€Å"flowers† of line 11 are also a double-edged sword. Flowers are given on very happy, momentous occasions, but they are also in abundance at solemn occasions like funerals.Furthermore, Owen compares the events of war to traditional burial rituals and describes how those who die in war do not receive proper funerals. In the first stanza, Owen references the â€Å"monstrous anger of guns† to â€Å"passing-bells† and â€Å"rifles’ rapid rattle† to â€Å"hasty orisons†. Usually at funerals or ceremonies for the dead there are bells ringing and prayers being said, but Owen shows that in war there are only the sounds of guns being fired. In war, instead of honoring those who h ave fallen, more are being killed by the same weapons.The last line in the sonnet remains the most powerful in re-affirming the themes and images of death in this poem. The â€Å"dusk is slow† and the â€Å"drawing-down of the blinds† signifies the ultimate death. The use of a traditional form like a sonnet only serves to emphasize the seriousness of the subject. Wilfred Owen masterfully juxtaposes images of war and church in order to emphasize the solemnity of the death these boys had faced. He uses metaphor and simile as well as auditory and visual images in order to allow the reader to truly experience what these boys faced in death. Maddi Cameron-Clarke

A visit to Subir Raha Oil Museum at ONGC Essay

As a part of the curriculum of the programs offered at UPES, the students of first semester MBA Energy Trading and MBA Oil & Gas were taken to Subir Raha Oil Museum, ONGC in Dehradun. Being the students of the petroleum industry, this visit gave us a rich and holistic picture about how oil it is created in the nature, how various methods are used to detected it, the various challenges which the industry faces during its extraction and processing, how oil is refined and finally how it is effectively distributed via various means. Along with all this, the visit also gave us an in depth picture on how an oil industry functions around all these areas. We learnt about the intrinsic details of drilling & refining of oil and also about how the life is in offshore drilling platforms like the â€Å"Jack-Up Rig†, through video films. Accompanied with our faculty Dr. Somya Sharma, Course Coordinator of MBA Energy Trading, the students were very excited to know the details of the oil industry which in this museum, was depicted in innovative ways and with various working models which really grasped our attention. All in all, the visit was enriching and brought us closer to the industry. ONGC is the foremost exploration and production company in India. It is responsible for most of the exploration effort, established reserves and oil and gas production in India. ONGC possesses the fiscal, technical and managerial strength to rank as a world-class oil and gas company. Describing their Museum in detail, it was inaugurated on 14th August 2005. Earlier it was The headquarters of the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited and this was set up in Tel Bhawan also known as Patiala House, at Dehradun in 1956. The place was once the palace of the maharaja of Patiala house and was brought by ONGC for an amount of INR 6 lakhs. The museum is divided into different sectors of the oil industry. First section told us about what oil is and its vast history. It refreshed our knowledge on how oil is formed on earth, the various grades of oil found in different places and how it gets deposited in various traps in the earth’s crust. We also saw a Foucault pendulum which shows the indubitable fact of earth’s endless rotation about its axis. In this section, there were samples of different types of crude oil and several charts explaining their qualities at different temperature and the viscosity  effect they exhibit while transporting the respective crude oil. The second section gave us an insight on the exploration and production of oil. Here we were shown scaled down models of various types of rigs and the ships used by ONGC for the E&P activities. These models were enclosed in aquariums with exotic fishes in it, which really fascinated us. Third section told us about the transportation methods and refining technologies used in this industry. An extensive description was provided about various IT technologies used by the ONCG in every aspect of their activities. After that there were several kiosks set up which explained about the different distillates obtained from the crude oil and the various catalysts used to obtain those distillates. A beautiful working model was also present which depicted the cracking of the crude. After the above technical section, we came across an exhibit which showed the several of the ONGC’s refineries both existing and upcoming, marked on a detailed map of our country. There were also several charts explaining the various safety policies and the extreme measures which the ONGC takes in order to protect their employees and the environment. We were also given an insight into the future plans and goals of ONGC, wherein they are planning to venture into the field of several new fuel types like the coal bed methane, gas hydrates under the ONGC VIDESH LTD program. The rest of the section told us about the infrastructure of ONGC, the vast assets and basins they own and the several services they provide in petroleum industry. There was an attractive display of how the oil industry had influenced the world of philately in various nations. And also, there was an amazing exhibits of fossils from pre historic era and an amazing collection of unique rocks like the flexible rock – â€Å"Itacolumite†. Outside the museum, there was a incredible display of several types of drill bits, a christmas tree, several types of blow out preventer, a coiled tubing unit, a sucker rod pump and a thumper truck. All of this, not only makes this museum, the first compressive museum on oil in the entire nation but also a pioneering ecology of the oil industry in the entire sub-continent. It was a cornucopia of information on oil industry from which the students of the MBA Energy trading and MBA Oil & Gas immensely benefited from.

Anxiety

Anxiety and anxiety are among the most fundamental emotions shared by all animal species. When faced with danger, it causes a sympathetic battle and a flight reaction so that we can react and defend ourselves. Without anxiety and physiological symptoms such as increased allergy to the environment and increased blood supply to the muscles of the feet, the possibility of a disaster injury or danger will undoubtedly increase dramatically. Moderate anxiety can also motivate individuals for specific events such as exams and presentations that clearly benefit from this behavior. I still feel uneasy from the early days. Stranger, social anxiety, general anxiety, chronic anxiety ... my oldest friend. I am very interested, I think that in the 16 years of education, I have not publicly raised more than five questions. I feel comfortable and safe when arranging private courses. This is getting worse and worse. At university, I have a strong interest in party lifestyle. I found a party for 5 nig hts to avoid anxiety and depression, and the reputation of being drunk. From a very young age I was very interesting and powerful in technology, and at the age of 12 I developed a national football team website. My college has the most powerful and difficult IT degree you can find. I hardly studied, I spent the first year, but I can save only for so long, and I have to quit my favorite university before being kicked out (Rhodes student Because only I can understand). Therefore, I am not a stranger to anxiety. And last month, an article saying that there is a clear link between anxiety and Alzheimer 's disease was published in' Science Alert '. In fact, anxiety may be a sign of Alzheimer 's disease, which is terrible for anxious people. Who is no longer anxious? It is not secure. It is like a Nazi. I am concerned. Russia is uneasy. I am worried about North Korea. Be a woman. I am concerned. Do you know that two-thirds of Alzheimer's disease patients are females? This is because we ar e afraid of all the damn time. These panic attacks are your future self, just intercourse with you and let you know that there is nothing good to happen, it will never get better. Therefore, after 20 to 50 years, we all will be a large group of elderly people with dementia. We all like rats in the maze, meet each other, ask directions and apologize for not knowing anything.

Ethics and Moral Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics and Moral Principles - Essay Example The application of moral philosophies to business enterprises is a challenging undertaking especially considering the fact that the market is a mix of various personalities and culture, therefore what seems to be right for one party may be unbecoming for another. This, Hume & Sayre-McCord (2006), emphasize, calls for careful attention when applying these philosophies in diverse world with a mix of personalities Owing to the fact that business ethics is an extension of moral philosophy, several businesses come up with specific organizational culture that enables them to concentrate on enhancing their employees’ moral responsibility. The creation of organizational culture has the benefit of producing honest employees with a refined business ethics. Perhaps application of moral philosophy like enforcing codes of behavior within an organization fosters discipline among the employees in the end. Moral philosophies play a major role as far as employee relations and public perception are concerned. Most people use these philosophies as the yardsticks for determining the moral standing and perception of the organization (Hume & Sayre-McCord, 2006). Ferrell, Fraedrich, and Ferrell (2013) confirm that the behavior of individuals is solely a function of their moral ethics and these in turn affect their ability to make wise and informed decisions. Moral philosophy is an integral part of behavior and decision making in that it shapes the individual ethics of various employees in a business setting for example an employee may decide not to participate in office gossip. Due to the damaging nature of the talks, the employee makes an ethical decision, duly guided by the moral philosophies that they uphold. Employees who embrace the moral philosophy will tend to make wiser decisions in any environment. This philosophy also has the tendency of polishing their general behavior. Another element of behavior and decision-making is the engagement and participation in corporate social responsibility (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013).  This may include the employees taking the initiative to help the needy, and actively participating in improving the social and economic conditions of the immediate environment. Individuals act in a responsible manner and shun self-interest to devoting service to humanity due to the virtues that moral philosophy instills on them. This shift of behavior and decision-making skills is beneficial both to the organization, and to the public at local and regional levels (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013).   With many organizations across the world adopting moral philosophies in their business environment, certain global strategic plans have received a boost, as they require the spirit of moral and ethical responsibility from each one of us (Gillroy, & Bowersox, 2002).  . A classic example is the going green initiative. Virtually all organizations participate in environmental conservation activities like reducing and reu sing environmental waste. This global initiative propelled by moral philosophy, has attained major milestone in curbing global warming that is part of the global strategic plan. Hence, moral philosophies have a positive impact on the global strategic planning. Gillroy, and Bowersox (2002) state that moral philosophies may have a significant impact in the alleviation of poverty around the world especially in the hard hit nations in Africa through embracing the recommendation

Community and Domestic Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community and Domestic Violence - Essay Example Most gang members are pulled into the world of violence because of a number of flaws in the system. Basic essentials are denied to the youth and his concept of being caught in the same cycle as his parents frighten him into choosing any path available to escape it. It has been proven by the National Academies Press that gang violence hits the areas that are economically backward the hardest (7). These gang members are motivated by the life around them to find a way out. Thus, by joining a gang the individual ensures a sure-fire way of achieving an income. An income that is presented through shows of courage and loyalty to the gang is important as it comes with the due respect. The arms available to any gang has increased by the hundredfold. In 2001, the Boston Globe printed an article speaking of an unregistered arms dealer was sentenced to 13 years in prison for selling grenades to members of street gangs Thus revealing that in America today, it has become abundantly easy for any young gang-member to obtain arms. An individual case of this violence comes from Mario Banuelos who was a member of a gang in Morgan Hill, California. He speaks of an incident where he was beaten up by a boy. Unable to fight back he expected the boy to terrorize him but learned a lesson when after the first beating the boy returned to apologize for his actions (Morgan Hills Times).   The evidence in this story proves that Banuelos chose to fight as had been taught by the street culture but in turn forgot the basics of humanity that instill an individual to apologize when they feel they have wronged a fellow being. When the boy came back to say sorry, Banuelos was reminded that fighting was not the solution to every problem. And this self-realization allowed him to change his life.     

Group project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group project - Assignment Example Sending its customers birthday and gift cards and referring to them by their first names helps in creating a family atmosphere that makes the customers feel appreciated (Tierney & Kuby, 2008). In cases where the airline inconveniences its customers such as delayed flights or lost items, the company is quick to inform the clients and apologise on the spot if need be, in addition, the company also issues free tickets and other bonuses to customers that it has inconvenienced. In the case of delayed flights, the company also keeps the customers busy through a number of activities, which are fun and enjoyable to them. The company has also ensured the quality of their flights is of the highest standards, for instance, in the flights all its seat are made of leather in addition to full size cabins majority of which are fitted with WIFI connectivity, live and video-on-demand TV that are absolutely free to its customers. The safety of flights within the airline is also among its priorities, this is evident from the time that the airline has gone without a major accident. During flights, southwest airline offers free non-alcoholic beverages to its customers with alcoholic ones being offered at a small fee; in addition, it is one of the few airlines in the world that offers Dr Pepper to its customers. The company is also known to give peanuts or pretzels to its clients in all flights in addition to Nabisco snacks. This high quality of customer service has led to the airline being honored for its excellent ratings by the department of transportation; excellent customer ratings are determined by the number of complaints directed towards a certain airline and the lower the number of complaints the higher the ratings for customer satisfaction. Southwest airlines has scored excellently in these ratings with it having the lowest number of complaints since 1987. The company has a reward

Catherine Mansfield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Catherine Mansfield - Essay Example As the report declares looking deeper in the human behavior and trying to see the important details, her short stories had a didactic particularity. This happens with the short story: â€Å"Sixpence†. The story is a didactic one, but not as we might think at the beginning. The writer portraits two types of parents behavior. A little boy, Dicky, does not behave properly one day, just when his mother has a guest. This was a very strange fact, because he usually was â€Å"good as gold as a rule, sensitive, affectionate, obedient and marvelously sensible for his age†. This paper stresses that the child makes a mistake and the guest, Mrs. Spears, gives his mother an advice: the only punishment is the whipping. This contradicts his mother’s opinions, because when she said punishment she was not referring to beating. And here comes the two types of behavior, or we could extend the two types of parents. Mrs. Spears sons were very quiet, permitting their mother to give credit to her theory about punishment. Dicky’ s mother does not agree to the beating, but she let herself convinced by her friend’ words. The children themselves were very different and Dicky was the one that had a normal behavior for his age. He was gentle and sensitive, but sometimes he was acting foolishly, maybe because a child’s energy is too big and cannot be hold in. Mrs. Spears sons were not acting right for some children, they were too calm and quite.

Astronomy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Astronomy - Assignment Example Research has shown that Venus has no tectonic plates and this characteristic feature of Venus makes it quite different from Earth. In the absence of the tectonic plates, the internal heat accumulated in the mantle chooses a completely different course of action than what happens in the case of the Earth. It causes the internal temperature of the Venus to rise to a certain level. Once that level is achieved, the accumulated heat tends to weaken the Venus’s surface and it undergoes a thorough renewal over a long period of time and the cycle continues. Erosion is solely a geological process and one reason why geological activities in the Mercury and the Earth’s moon have declined is their size that is too small to keep their interiors hot enough for a geological activity to continue. â€Å"Smaller bodies, such as the Moon and Mercury, have cooled further and are not thought to be presently active, but their features tell geologists of an active past.† (www.lpi.usra. edu, 2010). Earth is the fifth-largest planet of all in the Solar system. Its large size and distance from the Sun has contributed a lot toward the development of a unique atmosphere. The large size permits a lot of heat in the core to dwell that is ultimately released in the form of lava resulting in earthquakes, which in turn affect the atmosphere of Earth directly or indirectly. Earth is the third-distant planet from the Sun and comes after Mercury and Venus. Ozone layer is a very important part of the Earth’s atmosphere and provides it with protection against the ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted by the Sun. The Ozone layer is formed as a result of the Sun’s UV rays colliding with Oxygen molecules in the atmosphere which are broken down by the UV rays to form monoatomic Oxygen which combines with other Oxygen molecules to form the Ozone layer. Besides, the distance of a planet from the Sun influences the temperature on a planet. Earth’s distance from the Sun is long enough to

Did humans kill off the Mega-fauna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Did humans kill off the Mega-fauna - Essay Example The answer is difficult to know for sure, but it seems increasingly likely that human beings played a large role in the extinction of megafauna. The idea that human beings are responsible for the deaths of these large animals is a controversial one. There are other theories that lay out competing claims. As Floyd Largent writes in his article on comet impacts, these kinds of extinction events may be explained by the high impact collision of an extraterrestrial body. He describes a recently published theory that states, â€Å"a comet hit North America 12,900 years ago, dooming the Pleistocene megafauna and decimating the local human population† (Largent, 1). This may well have happened and be true. Indeed, huge numbers of megafauna may have died in this event. But the question we must ask ourselves is: does this theory fit the pattern that has begun to emerge over the last few years regarding the extinction of megafauna? Leaving judgment on this theory aside for the moment, it is useful to examine additional evidence that is somewhat related. According to recent studies, a massive climate shift occurred about 12,000 years ago that killed off massive amounts of the large animals in North America. In his article on the subject C. Vance Haynes canvases a number of theories. He looks at the possibility of a cosmic collision, massive climate change, and human hunters. However, he feels unable to come to a conclusion due to the proliferation of theories and the still undiscovered geochronological evidence. He does however say, â€Å"I remain skeptical of the ET impact hypothesis as the cause of the YD onset and the megafaunal extinction. However, I reiterate, something major happened at 10,900 B.P. that we have yet to understand† (Haynes, 6525). That is very nice, but not especially helpful. He believes humans had an impact, but were not the

Alterations of Hematology and Cardiovascular Systems Case Study - 1

Alterations of Hematology and Cardiovascular Systems - Case Study Example For me transplantation is the last option and I will do everything possible to avoid it. In order to fully examine the extend of Mr. P’s heart condition, I will take him through the following medical tests namely; cardiac catheterization, pressure-volume loop analysis, X-ray and biopsy (Tung & Chang, 2009). I will use electrocardiogram to examine Mr. P heart rhythms at while he is at rest in order to understand how irregular they are. I will utilize a cardiac catheterization to measure pressure in Mr. P heart. Cardiac catheterization involves inserting a thin plastic tube via a blood vessel until it reaches the heart whereby a dye is introduced into the blood vessels and then conducting X-rays so as to evaluate the heart’s structure and function. At the same time, I may perform a pressure-volume loop test. This test evaluates the amount of blood flow put out by the heart during each beat. The results will help me pinpoint what type of cardiomyopathy Mr. P might have. I may also take chest X-rays to see if Mr. P’s heart is enlarged. Further I may take a biopsy of Mr. P’s heart muscle. In this method, I will use anesthesia to insert a small needle into Mr. P’s heart to remove a small bit of tissue for laboratory tests in order know the extent of disease. I will recommend the following treatment for Mr. P heart problem namely: a) ACE inhibitors and vasodilators. The purpose of this treatment is to enlarge blood vessels so that blood flows can smoothly which in essence helps the heart to functions more capably b) Beta blockers-this type of treatment enhances the pumping action of heart’s blood pumping chamber-the left ventricle c) digitalis- this kind of treatment increases the pumping action of the entire heart and d) diuretics – which help the body get rid of excess salt and water. One of the major roles of a nurse is to provide patients and family with relevant information

Teenage and Fashion Essay Example for Free

Teenage and Fashion Essay Statement: For teenagers, fashion is first and foremost a social statement. It is an outward means of expression to their peers and the rest of the world. Identity: Fashion also provides teenagers a sense of identity by signaling which grouping they belong to (prep, punk, goth, etc. ). It may also signal a more independent or inclusive personality. Attraction: Teens can be extremely conscious about overall image when it comes to sexual attraction. They will often exploit fashion as a means to attract a certain type of person. Rebellion: Rebellion may also be acted out via fashion. Since rebellion is often a huge aspect of a teenagers life, it is not shocking that teens often use licentious or shocking fashion to rebel against their parents, their classmates, and/or society. Peer Pressure: Many teens pick up on fashion trends in an effort to stave off humiliation and mocking from peers. Poor fashion choices in the eyes of others can often be an open door to ridicule. Celebrities: Often, fashion for teenagers is the result of the desire to be like a celebrity. Celebrities are perhaps the greatest influences on teenagers in the modern world, and they can have a huge impact on a teens ideas about fashion and its importance. In our society, there are many issues that affect teens. Fashion is something that teens use to fit in which makes them struggle in their everyday life. Teens find brands to be something that will make them look â€Å"classy† as many teens say today at school. Teisha-Vonique Hood from SMU stated that when people associate themselves with a particular brand or branded image, they immediately assume a new identity that is in some sense, confined to the societal points of that brand. They classify themselves through the brands they wear and it makes them feel like they fit in. There is always that new shirt or those new jeans or just some new trend that happens to begin. Teens may feel like if they don’t have the latest brands, they aren’t worthy or not able to fit in and be themselves. Also, teens find themselves to be a little under-confident or intimidated by other people in their school. Ehow contributor, Ashton Pittman said that many teens pick up on fashion trends in an effort to stave off humiliation and mocking from peers. The majority of teens in high school have a fear of getting bullied or excluded. They use fashion to hide their fear and to feel more confident on who they are, or who they are trying to be. Their attitude towards fashion and the way society shows it to be can change a lot of teens’ opinions. Stated in SMU study, as a result of this need for peer acceptance, teenagers are receptive to characteristics such as character, personality, etc. Since a lot of teens try to find their identity through high school and fashion, it can ultimately change not only their personality, but their character towards other people and family. Tying into this, celebrities are a big impact on teen fashion. Ashton Pittman also states that often, fashion for teenagers is the result of the desire to be like a celebrity. Teens look at celebrities and say â€Å"Oh well if they can wear that, then why can’t I† and most of the time they end up giving the wrong idea to their friends and people around them. Have you ever tried to dress some way so that others accept you? A lot of teens don’t realize that this is an issue on their everyday life because they are so caught up with trying to fit in. Just because other teens have the latest brand and you don’t, doesn’t mean that you aren’t unique.

An Inspector Calls Essay Example for Free

An Inspector Calls Essay An inspector calls was written in 1945 (post World War Two), but it was actually set in 1912 (pre World War One). An inspector calls was written by J. B Priestley (John Boynton Priestley). The play is set on a spring evening in the Birling house. The play is about the Birling family (Mr and Mrs Birling and there two children Shelia and Eric) including Gerald croft, Eva Smith/Daisy Renton and the inspector (Inspector Goole). The events of the play start to unfold after the shock announcement by the inspector that a young woman (Eva/Daisy) is dead, the family start to feel that they are some way responsible. Because of this it cause some of the characters to change there attitudes such as Shelia and Eric. Prior to the arrival of the inspector the attitudes of the Birling family is similar throughout, they are all thinking about the engagement and up and coming wedding. Shelia Birling and her fianci Gerald Croft are looking to be come newly weds and embarking on a great new life together. Mr Birling is delighted at the prospect that his daughter is going to marry someone of great promise and a wealthy future for his daughter. Mrs Birling is like a typical mother her attitude and effort is all going into organising and arranging the wedding, and young Eric Birlings attitude is simply that of a typical young man, who cannot wait for a party. So as you can see not all there attitudes are exactly the same but they are similar because all there thoughts are taken up by the wedding. The inspector comes in and tells them about how Eva Smith/Daisy Renton died and reveals that each member of the family played a part such as Evas troubles started when Mr Birling sacked her from her job at the factory. She the got a job at a clothes shop but Shelia managed to lose her that job as well so she ended up meeting Gerald croft who took her in but then he dumped her because of the risk of Shelia finding out. She then ended up getting pregnant by Eric Birling who offers her money but she refuses so she goes to she Mrs Birling who is on the council t see if she can have a room or some money but Mrs Birling refuses so eva ends up living on the streets before she if found having ingested thick bleach and later dies in hospital. The characters all react differently when they hear about there part in Evas death Mr Birling reacts as we would expect completely transfers the blame from his unfair dismissal of Eva from her job by saying that she was causing trouble amongst the other workers and that it was completely her fault. Shelia is quite shocked when she hears how her spoilt behaviour and jealousy of Eva in the shop where she was working had been a cause of her death such as Shelia only complained about Eva because she was jealous that Eva looked better in a dress then she did and she is very upset and regrets what she did. Gerald Croft kind of acts like a hero when he hears about his part because he did take Eva in when she needed it although he refers to her as Daisy Renton, and when its revealed that I the end he kicked her out into the streets he tries to make it out he did it for Shelia and that what he did was right which then causes Shelias attitude to become angry and upset. Eric reaction to the revelation that he had got Eva pregnant was that he did truly like her and want to help her and that he was very upset at the way she was treated especially at his mothers treatment of her but more then anything just like his sister Shelia Eric feels guilty about what happened to Eva. And finally Mrs Birlings reaction to the revelation she refused to help Eva when she really needed it was very much of well the girl shouldnt have got her self in that mess in the first place but she soon changed her views when she found out that it was her own grandchild she had condemned to death by not helping Eva smith when she really needed it. Although Eric was the only person who actually committed a crime by stealing money of his father to give to Eva smith, they all should feel guilty because is there better then everyone else, upper class attitudes that results in Evas death even though none of them psychically poured the bleach down her throat. I think that Mrs Birling should fell especially guilty as it was her final actions which resulted in Eva death and also that if she had listened then she might still have a grandchild. The inspectors final message is that we are responsible for each other which is the message of the play and by it he means we are all responsible for our own actions but also our actions can prompt other people to do things, that they might not have done if we hadnt done what we did. I think that the message was quite effectively put across because it made Shelia and Eric change there attitudes but unfortunately it didnt particularly have an effect on Gerald and especially not on Mr and Mrs Birling as they are just simply to set in there ways for them to change now. Even when the inspector warns them of the fire and blood and anguish if they dont pay attention to what he has taught them. Mr Birling still hasnt learnt his lesson as he is unable to admit responsibility for his part in Evas death and like her husband Mrs Birling refuses to believe that she did anything wrong and doesnt accept responsibility for her part in Evas death. Shelia and Eric are both fully aware of there social responsibility. They are not interested in here parents efforts to cover everything up: as far as they are concerned, the important thing is that a girl is dead. And they had something top do with it and that mustnt happen again. Gerald on the other hand has not changed at all he hasnt learnt his lesson and that is why Shelia isnt sure she wishes to marry someone like that who could well turn out like her father refusing to accept when they are wrong. It is very evident that the older generation (Mr and Mrs Birling) arent Open to new view that way that the younger generation (Shelia and Eric) are. The effectiveness of the writing in this play is good. They way that priestly put across his political views and the way that he choose to write the play set in 1912 before World War One even though he actually wrote it in 1945 just after World War Two had ended. I think he choose to do this because he wanted to make light of how back then the classes were so different and the way that people thought them selves so much better then others whereas by 1945 that had mostly changed. Like the way that in 1912 women were subservient to men. All a well off women like Shelia could do was get married and a poor woman like Eva smith was seen as cheap labour. I also think the way that Priestley writes the inspector is very effective as at the end of the play no one knows where the inspector was real or not. Is the inspector the voice of J. B Priestley? Or maybe the voice of our consciences? I think the way that no one even knows if Eva smith/daisy Renton is the same person or even real is also very effective as if you think about Evas name. Eva is similar to Eve the first woman in the Bible and Smith is the most common English surname So, Eva Smith could represent any woman of the lower or in fact any class. But regardless if either of them was real or not they still had the desired effect of trying to get people to change there attitudes and there views on the lower class which was achieved with Shelia and Eric Birling but unfortunately not with Mr and Mrs Birling. I still think its an effective way of writing and was perfect for this play, and creating the cliff hanger at the end when everyone is quite confident that the inspector isnt real and is making it up, then they get the phone call form the local police inspector saying a young girl is dead and that they are going to be interviewed makes you think Was the inspector there moral side/ conscience?

Theories of Leadership in Sports Coaching

Theories of Leadership in Sports Coaching Introduction Main Section The application of Chelladurai’s (2001) Multidimensional Model of Leadership The Multi-dimensional Model of Leadership (MML) (Chelladurai 1978,1990,1993,2001 cited in Riemer, 2007) is a framework which builds on research from non-sporting settings in order to analyse effective leadership in sport. MML demonstrates how success in leadership is influenced by many different factors (Riemer, 2007). The main objective of the leader/coach is to bring about high levels of performance and satisfaction in the athlete (OU 16-1, 2013). To achieve this, three ‘antecedents’ must be taken into account: situational characteristics (the environment in which the leader is performing); leader characteristics (eg personality, experience, education); and athlete characteristics (e.g. age, gender, skill level, background) (Riemer, 2007). These three antecedents produce three types of leader behaviour: ‘required’, ‘actual’ and ‘preferred’ behaviour (OU 16-1.3, 2013). MML shows that a leader/coach’s `actual` behaviour is affected both by his awareness of the athlete’s `preferred` behaviour and by the behaviour `required` of him by the coaching context. For example, an elite tennis player may question coaching methodology and seek more input into training. The coach may modify his/her behaviour accordingly. At the same time the coach will be limited by the constraints of the regional governing body regulations when selecting a county team. The coach’s actual behaviour will also be influenced by his/her character traits and skill/knowledge base (Riemer, 2007). Thus, a mature golf professional, who has recently increased her knowledge base by attending a video analysis seminar, may modify her leadership behaviour to involve the use of smart phone apps in her efforts to improve feedback to the athlete. Chelladurai (1978, 1990, 1993, 2001 cited in Riemer, 2007) states that when the three types of leader behaviour (`required`, `actual`, and `preferred`) complement and sustain one and other, athlete performance and satisfaction levels will increase. Athlete preferred behaviour is influenced by a combination of athlete characteristics and situational characteristics (Riemer, 2007). Most studies into preferred coaching behaviour have used the Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS), which was developed by Chelladurai and Saleh (1980, cited in OU 17.1, 2013). The LSS measures five leadership dimensions: training and instruction; social support; positive feedback; autocratic behaviour; and democratic behaviour. Results show that the two most valued leadership styles are positive feedback and training/instruction, with the autocratic approach being least appreciated (OU 17.2, 2013). Research into the effect of gender on athletes’ leadership preference has produced mixed results (Riemer, 2007). The OU (17.2, 2013) suggests that this may be due to the false equation of gender with biological sex, and that the differences in leadership preferences may be more related to gender role (masculinity/femininity) than to biological sex (male/female) (Riemer, 2007). Findings from Riemer and Toon, 2001, cited in Riemer 2007 suggest that some of the variance in results might be connected to the coach’s gender, rather than the athlete’s, as they showed that female athletes expressed different leadership preference in female coaches compared with male. Similarly, research has produced no significant relationship between age and preferred leadership styles (Riemer, 2007), although the author does suggest that an overview of the results indicates a shift from a preference for task behaviours to a preference for relationship behaviours as the athlete matures (Riemer, 2007). Research into how situational characteristics influence leadership preferences has also been mixed (Riemer, 2007). Chelladurai (1978, cited in Riemer, 2007) hypothesised that team/open sport athletes would prefer more training/instruction and positive feedback than those involved in individual/closed sports. Research by Terry and Howe (1984), Terry (1984) and Kang (2003), all cited in Riemer 2007) supported this hypothesis, but Chelladurai and Saleh (1978, cited in Riemer 2007) found the polar opposite. Riemer and Chelladurai (1995, cited in Riemer 2007) found that, within American football, athletes whose tasks differed from their teammates (e.g. offensive or defensive) preferred different coaching behaviours. The defensive squad operating in a more open environment preferred more democratic, autocratic and socially supportive coaching behaviours. Given the varied results of studies into athlete and situational characteristics on leadership preferences, it is unclear how coaches should adapt their coaching strategies based on member characteristics. The role of transformational leadership in coaching Chelladurai (1978, 1990, 1993, 2001 cited in Riemer, 2007) adapted his model of the MML to include transformational leadership (Open University, 17, 2013). In the previous versions of the model, leadership was thought to be transactional in its nature (Riemer, 2007). Transactional leaders have a reciprocal relationship with their athletes whereby they trade something the athlete wants (e.g. knowledge), with something they want (e.g. respect) (Riemer, 2007 cited in Open University, 16.5, 2013). Transactional leadership is built on mutual trust in which the coach must manage the changing needs of the athlete in order to be effective (Riemer, 2007). Transformational leadership on the other hand, is a charismatic type of leadership in which followers associate themselves with leaders, giving rise to greatly increased levels of performance (Yammarino, Dubinsky, Comer and Jolson, 1997 cited in Riemer, 2007). A transformational leader will exhibit five traits: charisma, an assertive and self confident quality that results in athletes connecting emotionally to their leaders, generating high levels of trust; idealised influence, which enables leaders to motivate athletes to follow their beliefs and visions for the future; inspiration, which enables leaders to instil confidence in athletes so that they are able to meet the challenging aspirations s/he has set for them; intellectual stimulation, through which leaders provoke original and imaginative thought processes; and individual consideration, by which leaders pay attention to each member of their team and are able to set specific goals for each dependant on their skill level (Bass, 1985; Bass and Aviolo, 1990; Doherty and Danylchuk, 1996; Weese, 1994 cited in Open University, 17.1, 2013). Transformational leaders affect both the situational and athlete characteristics of the MML (Riemer, 2007). Firstly, situational characteristics are affected by the coach introducing new ambitions for the organisation / team they are involved with. These ambitions are based on the coach’s beliefs and visions for the future. Secondly, athlete characteristics are changed by the coach transmitting his/her vision so that athletes embrace this as their own, and by motivating athletes to believe they will achieve this vision (Open University, 17.1, 2013). Bass (1985, cited in Riemer, 2007) suggests that not all coaches are transformational, rather that leaders will display a spectrum of transformational behaviours. Although there is minimal literature into the role of transformational leadership in sport (Riemer, 2007), the MML suggests that a transformational leader may be a more effective coach (Chelladurai, 2001 cited in Riemer, 2007). This is backed up by findings in Arthur et al’s (2011) study into athlete narcissism, coach’s transformational behaviours and athlete motivation. The study found that the dimensions of individual consideration and intellectual stimulation were linked with higher levels of athlete effort. Creating an effective coaching environment In order to further understand the complicated, intertwined relationship between coach, athlete and the conditions they work under, Smith and Smoll (1977, 1989, cited in OU 18.1, 2013) proposed the meditational model of sport leadership. This model was formulated to improve coach understanding around how to create a positive environment for children in sport (Smith and Smoll, 2007) and focuses on three variables: coach behaviour (what the coach actually does); athlete perceptions (how behaviour is understood by athletes); and athlete reactions (subsequent responses to the coach) (Smith and Smoll, 2007, cited in OU, 18.1, 2013). With a view to measuring the first of these variables, Smoll, Smith and Hunt (1977, cited in OU, 18.1, 2013) designed the coaching behaviour assessment system (CBAS). Leadership behaviour was observed and coded in coaches working with children across a collection of different sports (Smith and Smoll, 2007). Although widely used to research leadership behaviours (OU, 18.1, 2013) the statistical methodology used in the CBAS has been considered too narrow an approach to develop an understanding of the complex nature of effective coaching practice (Cushion, 2007 cited in OU, 18.1, 2013). To gain deeper insight into coaching behaviours, the origins of these behaviours need to be examined, along with how these behaviours affect perceptions and finally how these perceptions shape actions (Chelladurai, 1993; Cumming, Smith and Smoll, 2006 cited in OU, 18.1, 2013). Research by Stebbings et al (2011) explored the antecedents of autonomy supportive and controlling behaviours in coaches in regards to the coaches’ own psychological needs. Autonomy supportive environments are created by a coach offering athletes’ choice in making decisions, the opportunity for experimentation, meaningful justification for activities and a recognition of an athlete’s emotional needs (Mageau and Vallerand, 2003, cited in Stebbings et al, 2013). A controlling environment is created by a coach with an autocratic, dictatorial demeanour, giving athletes no choice in the decision making process. Punishment, criticism and tangible rewards are used to control athletes (Bartholemew, Ntoumanis and Thogersen-Ntoumani, 2009 cited in Stebbings et al, 2011). Autonomy supportive environments are thought to elicit positive responses from athletes such as increased intrinsic motivation and higher levels of performance (Amorose, 2007; Gillett, Vallerand Amoura and Baldes, 2010; Mageau and Vallerand, 2003, cited in Stebbings et al, 2011). Conversely, a controlling environment is associated with decreased motivation and increased levels of sport drop out (Pelletier et al, 2009 cited in Stebbings et al, 2011). This research hypothesised that coaches whose psychological needs were met would work in an autonomy supportive manner, whilst those whose needs were not met would exhibit more controlling behaviour (Stebbings et al, 2011). The results proved to be in line with the initial hypothesis with the pivotal conclusion being that the ‘satisfaction of coaches psychological needs can allow coaches to thrive, and to create an adaptive interpersonal coach environment for athletes.’ (Stebbings et al, 2011, p269). Lack of governing body support in terms of training, feedback and guidance were cited as possible reasons for coaches’ psychological needs not being met (Allen, Shaw, 2009 cited in Stebbings et al, 2011). However it is als o noted that further research into the effect of environmental factors on coach psychological need satisfaction would aid understanding (Stebbings et al, 2011). As coach behaviours are thought to influence athlete perceptions, and these perceptions will subsequently shape actions (Smith and Smoll, 2007), coaches must be careful not to make immediate judgements towards their athletes based on first impressions (OU, 18.5, 2013). This is to minimise the risk of creating a self-fulfilling prophecy (OU, 18.5, 2013) whereby a coach will make initial predictions of the athlete’s behaviour and performance. These predictions will affect the way the coach communicates with the athlete, which in turn will affect the athlete’s perception of themselves and their performance levels (Horn, 2008 cited in OU, 2013). Coaching behaviours and team performance In contrast to those working with individuals, coaches working with teams have to be much more concerned with team cohesion. Team cohesion is associated with the amount of unity, closeness and camaraderie displayed by a team (Carron, Eys and Burke, 2007) and is defined as a dynamic process, reflected in the tendency of a group to remain united in pursuit of its goals and objectives (Carron, Brawley and Widmeyer, 1998 cited in Carron, Eys and Burke, 2007). Cohesion has been described as the most important group property (Bollen and Hoyle, 1990; Golembiewski, 1962; Lott and Lott, 1965, cited in Carron, Eys and Burke, 2007) and involves two dimensions: task cohesion – the ability of a team to work towards shared goals; and social cohesion the degree to which team mates get along with each other (Carron, Ely and Burke, 2007). These dimensions are not mutually exclusive, and change in one dimension will effect change in the other. When formulating a coach agenda a coach should aim to achieve a balance of both appropriate for a given context (OU, 19.2, 2013). The formulation of a cooperative training environment has also been cited as benefitting team performance (Collins and Collins, 2011 cited in OU, 19.2, 2013). Coaches need athletes to work in collaboration with each other (e.g. on tactics, formations and patterns of play) and against each other (e.g. attack versus defence) in order to drive overall and individual performance levels up (Collins and Collins, 2011, cited in OU, 19.2, 2013). As part of this cooperative training environment, coaches and athletes need to be able to understand each other’s strengths and weaknesses, both as individuals and in their team responsibilities (Collins and Collins, 2011, cited in OU, 19.2, 2013). Effective teams are considered to have a high degree of shared knowledge built up through communal experience of intense training and performance situations (Bourbouson et al, 2011 cited in OU, 19.2, 2013). For example, a team may change seamlessly between a number of formations and tactical variati ons during a match at their coach’s request. Shared knowledge can also extend to off field activities. When coaches are creating and developing their coaching agenda they should examine their players in many different domains. Information should be garnered from multiple sources, such as discussions with colleagues, personal observation, formal assessments and past experiences, in order to surmount current obstacles and to plan for the future (OU, 19.2, 2013). Systems of work and team ethics need to be established so that existing and new team mates can carve an individual niche for themselves but also to see what is expected of them as part of the team (Martens, 2012 cited in OU, 19.2, 2013). When considering how a coach develops his/her team, research has suggested that team cohesion and performance are mutually beneficial, with increased task and social cohesion leading to increase performance, and vice versa (Carron et al, 2002; Cox, 2012 cited in OU, 19.3, 2013). Therefore in order to raise performance levels, coaches must attempt to create cohesion, achieved by developing motivation and a sense of personal reward. They can identify leaders to help them facilitate change but also must preserve and unite all existing members of the team (including the assistants, parents and others in the support network). Individual and group accomplishments need to be recognised, changes need to be discussed and performance regularly assessed through feedback in order to facilitate a supportive culture (Martens, 2012 cited in OU, 19.3, 2013). Allowing athletes more influence in team goal setting can also lead to increased task and social cohesion (Carron et al, 2005 cited in OU, 19.3, 2013). This increased influence also leads to greater understanding of the tasks they need to undertake, and stronger beliefs that the goals will influence team behaviour positively (Collins and Collins cited in OU, 19.3, 2013). The coach should develop individual and communal understanding of roles, and encourage team members to have confidence in each other. Through regular meetings and discussions with various team groupings, teams and coaches can build agreement, understanding and commitment (Collins and Collins, 2011, cited in OU, 19.3, 2013). This is as necessary within coaching teams as between the coach and athletes. Experimentation, questioning and argument are far more acceptable in a sharing and cooperative environment which reinforces team cohesion (Piggott, 2012, cited in OU, 19.3, 2013).

Powerful Parallels and Deep Divides: Pluralism in The Poem of the Cid a

Both The Poem of the Cid and The Song of Roland were written in a time period where great new developments were occurring in Europe, but none more crucial than the beginning of the Crusades and the ethnocentric viewpoint they propagated and were propagated by (Quinn). Of great interest is the manner in which both works deal with the nature of pluralism in European history. For the sake of this essay, pluralism will be defined simply as a state of more than one. Both works, written at approximately the same time (1130-1170 for The Song of Roland and approximately 1207 for The Poem of the Cid, as per the book's forewords) have astonishing similarities and stark contrasts, which when put in context are incredibly revealing of their respective author's/culture's attitudes about economic, cultural, and religious pluralism. An often overlooked place to begin evaluating these stories lies in their depictions of economic systems. The Song of Roland depicts a system that is primarily based on the giving of tribute, namely exotic gifts and treasure; clearly shown when Blancandrin counsels Marsilla to achieve peace with Charlemagne by promising him â€Å"bears and lions and dogs, 700 hundred camels and a thousand moulted hawks† (Burgess, page 30). However, it is important to note that the concept of paying with money is not entirely absent from the novel, â€Å"you will have enough gold bezants to pay your mercenaries well† (Burgess, page 33). In The Song of Roland we see our first evidence of a plural economy. The dominant system is the giving of lavish gifts in the form of tribute to one's betters or equals like Marsile to Charlemagne; which is followed by the less important/common payment of money to one's inferiors a la Charlemagne to his mercen... ...rfully with The Poem of the Cid and its multi-cultural and relatively accepting Spanish ideal of â€Å"convivencia† (Kahf) that embraced diversity in its many forms. While both works contain strong similarities due to the proximity of their geographic and temporal origins and the struggles that were occurring there, namely the Crusades; subtle nuances and seemingly minor differences between the two works reveal two very different views on pluralism. Bibliography: Burgess, Glyn S.  The Song of Roland. London, England: Penguin, 1990. Print. Hamilton, Rita, Janet H. Perry, and Ian Michael.  The Poem of the Cid. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984. Print. Quinn, William. "The Crusades 1&2." 8 and 13 March 2012. Lecture. Quinn, William. â€Å"Cantar del mio Cid Campeador.† 3 April 2012. Lecture Kahf, â€Å"Medieval Spain, Competing Narratives.† 27 March 2012. Lecture

Buddhism Essay -- essays research papers fc

High in the mountains of the Himalayas chants ring out from the Tibetan monastery. For most this is a dream-like vacation to a far away land. For some of the people who live in Tibet and India this is everyday life as a Buddhist. Buddhism revolves around a strict code of daily rituals and meditations. To an outsider they can seem mystical or even odd, but these are the paths to enlightenment and spiritual salvation. Throughout the centuries, Buddhism has evolved into a major religion in Asia and other parts of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mystical roots of Buddhism can be traced back to the first century BCE. Buddhism began with the birth of Siddhartha Gautama. When Siddhartha was born he was noticed as having â€Å"the 32 auspicious signs of an enlightened one† (Clark and Brown 3). His father, fearing Siddhartha would shun his inheritance, confined him to the walls of the palace, never allowing his son to experience want or suffering. However, Siddhartha on several occasions ventured outside the confines of the palace. On one of his visits into the city â€Å"he saw an ascetic begging for alms in the city square. It was then that he realized that there was meaning beyond physical existence† (Clark and Brown 3). Siddhartha then gave up his possessions to search for enlightenment. He discovers that by following the path of moderation, one can become enlightened (Clark and Brown 3). And so, he attained Buddhahood. Afterwards Buddha, the name given to an enlightened one, travels thro ugh India â€Å"preaching and educating others about the middle path† (Clark and Brown 3). From this, Buddhism was born.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The religion of Buddhism is not entirely in a sphere of its own. In fact, it combines several influences born in and around the Asian continent. The first religious influence is Taoism. Taoism embraces the belief in the fluid like spirit that flows throughout everyone and everything. The primary belief of Taoists is that the universe is in constant change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taoists believe that nature and the earth is constantly in flux. Simply, the only constant in the world is change. When individuals learn that growth and movement are natural and necessary, they can become balanced (Clark and Brown 7). Taoism teaches self-control and the importance of meditation in searching for enlightenment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  &nbs... ...ver which the imperial family presided, had been largely eclipsed by Buddhism† (Ralph et al 34). Aspects of the religion have also moved into the U.S., Growing interest in Asian culture and spiritual values in the West has led to the development of a number of societies devoted to the study and practice of Buddhism. Zen has grown in the United States to encompass more than a dozen meditation centers and a number of actual monasteries (McDermott 2). The Buddhist religion encompasses a large spectrum of people all diverse but united under the words and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. Works Cited Clark, Laura, and Suzanne Brown. Vietnamese Buddhism. 18 Jan. 2000. . Dharma Haven. Healing, Relaxing and Awakening: Tibetan Buddhist Methods. 16 Jan. 2000. . 18 May 1999. Hansen, Jytte. Mandala. 17 Jan 2000. . 1 March 1997 McDermott, James Paul. Buddhism Today. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. Ralph, Phillip Lee, et al. World Civilizations: Their History and Culture. 9th edition. New York: Norton, 1997.

Trouble With Chechnya Essay -- essays research papers fc

On September 1, 2004, the world was shocked and horrified by the terrorist attack of Chechen rebels on a Middle school in the Russian town of Beslan. Nearly 1,200 children, teachers, and parents were taken hostage on the first day of school, and held captive for 53 hours. In the aftermath of the explosions and gunfire, over 360 people were killed, and hundreds more were left injured (Kaplan, 2004). The siege of the school was the latest of a dozen bloody attacks – on targets such as airliners, trains, government buildings, hospitals, and a movie theatre - that have claimed nearly 1,000 lives in Russia over the past two years, and yet another chilling reminder of the festering tensions between Russia and Chechnya (Kaplan, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The nature of the conflict between Chechnya and Russia is a result of many factors; a tumultuous history between the two neighbours, Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism, Russia’s attempts to dominate the Caucacus regions, oil exploitation, human rights, and international attitudes. The following discussion aims to explain the background and reasons for the perpetuation of the trouble in Chechnya, and explore the reasons for Russia’s military intervention in the region. As well, the discussion will attempt to forecast what the future may hold for Chechnya, and Russia’s relations with it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Chechens are an ethnically distinct, traditionally clan-based group with a long history of resisting Russian expansion in the Northern Caucasus† (Yasin, 2002). The hostility existing between the Chechen people and Russia, however, predates both the Russian republic and the Soviet Union, going back to the late 18th Century, when Russia’s drive to the South, initiated by Peter the Great in 1722, â€Å"led to the incorporation first of the Transcaucasus and only later of the rebellious North Caucasus† (Cornell, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Forced relocations of the Chechens and other peoples have been undertaken at several points in history by the Russian rulers. The deportation of the Chechen, Ingush, Karachai, and Balker peoples took place in three waves between November 1943 and February 1944, during World War II. â€Å"The ‘pacification’ was to be final†¦and the nationalities involved were struck out of all Soviet official documents† (Lieven, 1998, p. 319). This deportation to Central Asi... ..., C. (2002, October 14). Is Putin Looking to Expand the Chechnya War?.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newsweek, 6. Cornell, Svante E. (1999). International Reactions to Massive Human Rights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violations: The Case of Chechnya. Europe-Asia Studies, 51, 85-100. Gall, C., & de Waal, T. (1997). Chechnya: A Small Victorious War. London:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macmillan. Kaplan, David E. (2004, September 20). Tangled Roots of an Atrocity. U.S. News   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and World Report, 137. 28. Lieven, Anatol. (1998). Chechnya: Tombstone of Russian Power. New Haven:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yale University Press. MacKinnon, Mark. (2004, September 25). Shoot First and Ask Questions Later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Globe & Mail, p. A1. Politkovskaya, A. (2001). A Dirty War. London: Harvill Press. Russia & Chechnya. (2004, August 28). The Economist, 372, p13. Watson, William. (1998). The Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Westport: Greenwood Press. Yasin, Tariq. (2002). Chechen Chagrin: Human Rights in Chechnya. Harvard   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  International Review, 24, 6-8.

Home Depot Environmental Issues

1) On the basis of Home Depot’s response to environmental issues, describe the attributes (power, legitimacy, urgency) of this stakeholder. Assess the company’s strategy and performance with environmental and employee stakeholders. A stakeholder framework helps identify the internal stakeholders and the external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders such as: employees, boards of directors, and managers. Customers, special interest groups, regulators, and others who agree are external stakeholders who collaborate and engage in confrontations on ethical issues. ) As a publicly traded corporation, how can Home Depot justify budgeting so much money for philanthropy? What areas other than the environment, disaster relief, affordable housing, and at-risk youth might be appropriate for strategic philanthropy by Home Depot? Home Depot is about giving back and recycling money through the community. Giving to the community in return gives to Home Depot. Consumers motto after what t hey have set forth and help fulfill the need to give back to those in need.Those in need and those who help are a part of the environment, disaster relief, and youth. They are hitting every corner possible. Other areas could be the elderly in the community and schools in the community. What Home Depot does spreads out to consumers and the community. 3) Is Home Depot’s recessionary strategy of eliminating debt and halting growth a wise one? What would you recommend to the CEO? Wiser more than likely, the strategy Home Depot has set forth goes well in hand with their do good model.Home Depot has shown it doesn’t have to expand and add to in order to remain the top home improvement store. With the circulation of money from stakeholders and consumers, money does not have to be borrowed from outside lenders. Receiving payback money would add to the recession by borrowing what you do not need to owe at a later time. I recommend the CEO to not forget about employee incentives and keep the funds in circulation through the community and consumers. Similar essay: Summary â€Å"The Environmental Issue from Hell†

Michelin Analysis Essay

Michelin financial analysis Michelin friendship Profile Michelin is a sap producing fraternity created in 1863 by the Michelin brothers. Originally establish in Clermont Ferrand, the familiarity is now placed in more than 170 countries and owns 84 merchandise site all close to the world. Even if their core ph genius tune is the production of assumes they diversified their activities in 1900 with the first Michelin symbolise & angstrom guides and die hard their knowledge for finical sector with clean type of jades much(prenominal) as plane tire for instance. Michelin is the indorse leader of tire grocery store later on Bridgestone.In 2010, they had a turn all over of 17891 millions with an accession of 20% from 2009. Michelin is on the threadb atomic number 18 exchange commercializeplace since 1951 which means the company can development their paleness convey to investors and at the similar time brook secure and independent. In 2010, Michelin launches its biggest augment of equity introducing 27. 2 million of new shares for a total amount of 1. 2 one million million million euros helping to finance its development equal estimated at 1. 6 billion euros.They defy 3 major products families * Production of touristry tyres * Production of transport tyres Others specialties (tyre for airplane, space shuttle, maps & axerophthol guides, GPS) We can put one over that their core business is the tire market with more than 86% of their activities. Geographically, their major market is europium with 49. 9% of their revenues (7. 7 billion euros) followed by compass north the States with 34. 4% and other regions with 22. 7%.Michelins major market which is europium has been declining by 7. 5% between 2005 and 2010 whereas join the States puckers 1. 7% and 5. 8% for the others regions as emergent countries. Through the years and to extend their activities worldwide, Michelin has developed new rands. Michelin and BF Goodrichare the 2 worldwide prints, established in legion(predicate) countries. Then, Michelin excessively developed regional brands much(prenominal) as Kleber, Uniroyal, Warrior with a strong figurehead separately in Europe, North America and China. Added to these brands, Michelins created a couple of(prenominal) distribution brands as Euromaster, TCI, respectively in Europe and North America. I. foodstuff analysis Michelin is re stupefyed in twain different markets * marketplace of new tire This market is curiously dealing with automobile manufacturer through confederacy.For instance, Michelin has an old partnership with Citroen which is buying big quantities of tires in revise to be set up now on their production chain. In this market, Michelin is truly dependent from the railway auto manufacturers market and fluctuate according to the increase or decrease of new car sales. In 2010, this market has been increase by 15% thanks firstly to the revivification of the car industry in the westbound countries, more or less(prenominal)ly helped by country states and second to the growth of exportation to emerging countries. * Market of flipmentThis market is linked with retailers, as they buy and sell tires in stores to replace a defective one. This market is less(prenominal) dangerous for Michelin as it is almost invariable and represents ? of tires production market. Concerning the heterotaxy market, products are distributed via dealerships and exchange service centers. This is done either via Michelins own distribution brands (Euromaster in Europe and TCI in North America), but in any case using brand partnerships and franchises to be present in 27 countries all over the world. Equipment repartition per segment Car segment motor transport segment Original equipment 28. 10% 17. 40%Replacement equipment 71. 90% 82. 60% In 2010, the replacement market has increase by 9% in the segment of tourism and van tires in Europe with the increase of the quest for special winter tire referable to severe weather ascertain last winter. II. Competition Michelin operates in a very competitive market with some(prenominal) competitors, either from Europe or emerging countries. The four main producers are Bridgestone, Michelin, Goodyear and Continental which are counting for more than 50% in the worldwide market. However, new entrants much(prenominal) as Sumitomo, Yokohama, Hankook and coming from Asiatic countries reach gained market shares rapidly.These emerging countries are ontogeny a middle class with fair to middling purchase power to buy either Michelin tires through distribution centers or new cars equipped with Michelin tires. As we can see on the table above, the Asian market is now growing as tight as traditional market such(prenominal) as Europe and North America. The most increasing market is South America which increases its demand by greatly in 2010. Furthermore, these emerging countries volition account for 50% of globula r automobile output in 2012, showing that Michelin has to be on these markets in vow to preserve its 2nd largest producer worldwide rank.Asian market Michelin is already well implanted in the replacement segment with their distribution centers Tyre accession leading the Asian market with more than 570 local centers in China and a total of 970 centers in 9 Asian countries. Michelin has also developed its own brand called Warrior to enter in the Asian market, particularly the Chinese market in order to compete with Hankook. To be closer to the demand, Michelin has already built 3 productions sites and give furnish a new one in 2011 in Shenyang.Indian market most(prenominal) of the increase of Michelin on the Indian market was due to new partnership with truck manufacturer such as Tata, the biggest one in India. Michelin became an original supplier of Tata for tires in the original equipment for truck segment in 2010 helping it to increase theirs sales and to gain brand recogniti on. Following this path, Michelin opened 6 new truck service centers the same year and plan the opening of a new production site in Chennai in 2011. South American marketMichelin has known a significant cash advance in 2010 on Brazilian, Chilean, Colombian and Argentinean truck market with a global increase of 41% in the replacement market. Added to that, Michelin did few partnerships with local truck manufacturers and benefit from the 47% increase of new trucks purchases last year. * grade in Research & adenylic acid breeding Michelin has to causa ii main issues intent in the tire market and piercing material raising cost. In both issues, R&D is a key solution. During the last years, Michelin has invested 500 million euros per year in R&D to find alternatives solution to no-count issue and keep innovating.Cost of stark naked material Globally, the tire industry uses nearly 70% of worlds cancel prophylactic production. With more than 60% of production costs depending only on rubberise, Michelin is set about difficulties when there is an explosion of the price on the market. Since 2009, natural rubber price has increased by 60% and synthetical rubber, as it is made with petroleum, is increasing too. Like oil, which is also used to arrive synthetic rubber, nonrenewable new(a) materials are graceful progressively scarce and will remain big-ticket(prenominal) in the years ahead, notably due to strong demand from China and India.Optimizing raw material use is essential if these resources are to be conserved over the longsighted term and if tires are to remain affordably priced. With R&D, Michelin can find alternatives materials to rubber and increase the production of synthetical rubber to replace the natural one on basic tires. Unfortunately, high performance tires will still require natural rubber, whose properties make it irreplaceable, especially for truck, farm equipment and earthmover tires. Innovation In order to compete on the glo bal market, Michelin has to be on first line for innovation.Michelin has started to invest in R&D to create new types of tires, which will have less impact on fuel consumption and smaller eco-footprint. For instance, in 2010, Michelin has released a new truck tire called Michelin X Energy Saver young. On average it permits the standard family car to reduce fuel consumption by 520 liters per year thanks to a develop road holding. This new eco-friendly product matches the demand from trucks manufacturer, states upcoming laws about transport and nett clients. As several countries are becoming more and more environmental friendly.Michelin has to address the vote of laws to protect environment especially in Europe and North America, its two biggest markets in terms of sales. By increasing the production of eco-friendly tires, they would be able to face the new environmental requirement from government, being and even from their car manufacturers partners that are already investin g in hybrid and less polluting cars and trucks. Tires companies that are not anticipating these changes would not plump in this highly competitive market.

Networking Standard Organizations Essay

straight off Im going to talk closely the different formations there be and the standards they set for intercommunicateing. These organizations are ANSI, EIA and transient ischemic attack, IEEE, ISO, ITU, ISOC, IANA and ICANN. They all instruct of a particular crossing or service. Many different organizations oversee the computing machine industries standards. These standards are essential in the networking world, they ensure network designs compatibility.ANSIANSI (American National Standards Institute) is an organization that has more than a gibibyte representatives from perseverance and government who both determine standards for the electronics industry and other handle, such as chemical and atomic engineering, health and safety, and construction. This organization does not determine that manufacturers approve with its standards, but requests are voluntary.EIA and TIAThere are two related organizations called EIA and TIA. EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) is a trad e organization that is composed of representatives from electronics manufacturing firms in the United States. A subgroup of EIA that interconnected with the former United States telecommunications Suppliers Association (USTSA) formed TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association). (American National Standards Institute, 2012) EIA sets standards for its members and helps write ANSI standards and lobbies for legislation promising to the growth of the estimator and electronics industries. It focuses on standards for information technology, wireless, satellite, part optics, and telephone equipments. Both EIA and TIA set standards, pressure group governments and industry, and sponsor conferences, exhibitions, and forums in their areas of concern.IEEEIEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is a widely distributed indian lodge composed of engineering professionals. They also manage a standard board that creates its own standards for the electronics and calculator i ndustries and contributes to the work of other standards-setting bodies like ANSI. (Electronics Industries Alliance, 2012) To promote learning and education in the electrical engineering and computer science fields is their goals. They host numerous symposia, conferences, and topical anaesthetic chapter meetings and publish papers designed to educate members or scientific advances.ISOISO (International Organization for Standardization) located in Geneva, Switzerland, is a combination of standards organizations representing 157 countries. (Electronics Industries Alliance, 2012) Their goal is to establish international technological standards to facilitate worldwide exchange of information and barrier-free trade. It applies the fields of textiles, packaging, distribution of goods, energy production and utilization, shipbuilding, and banking and financial services.ITUITU (International Telecommunication Union) is a specific United Nations agency that regulates orbiculate telecommun ications, including radio and TV frequencies, satellite and telephony specifications, networking infrastructure, and tariffs apply to global communications. (Electronics Industries Alliance, 2012) It provides rising countries with technical expertise and equipment to relegate those nations technological bases.ISOCISOC (Internet Society) is a professional membership society that provides help to establish technical standards for the profits. Their concern involves retentiveness the internet accessible with its rapid growth, information security, and stabilize addressing services and open standards across the internet. They consist of thousands of internet professionals and companies from 90 chapters worldwide. (Dean, 2009)IANA and ICANNA nonprofit group called IANA (Internet delegate Numbers Authority) kept records of available and reserved IP addresses and determined how addresses were doled out. It coordinated its efforts with three RIRs (Regional Internet Registries) ARIN (Am erican register for Internet Numbers), APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre), and skilful (Rseaux IP Europens ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) is a private, nonprofit corporation. (American National Standards Institute, 2012) They are mostly trusty for IP addressing and domain name management. Technically though, IANA continues to come the system administration.

Impact of Globalization on Total Quality Management

wide persona counseling (TQM) has been be as end little service of for each one(prenominal) line of constitute siding whether it be a convergence or a service, by re piteous unstintingal variations and by astir(p) the gumption of the pull in cognitive crop at. divulgeside(a)ist managing rateors corresponding their domestic counterparts make believe entrap that incorporating the idea of contri b atomic number 18lye type worry into their wariness move and bearing elicit separate the private-enterprise(a) reward.A animal trainers last- make fulfil regarding in the rawfound or channelise magnitude authorizedism(prenominal) trading trading op sequencetions involves controverting to the environs, fate warring favour globosely and taxing the communitys advertize in the global context. globalisation t whollyys managers beg veritable head teachers. These questions embroil indwellinginessiness(prenominal) we be a great recognise global? argon we fit of congruous to a capacio intentionr extent transnational? How asshole we cleanse competency? What opportunities should we lease? This physique of quizzical which globalisation pees lead change the mansion to gain ground specialized shoddy beas and/or oecumenical t break through and through ensemble e in truth(prenominal)placeleap of strength. The focus this instant shifts to expansion.These aptitude embroil subjects homogeneous(p) indispensable changes as thoroughly as linkages with separate disposals that attend furnish the coveted result. Therefore, the options or strategic send offs must be selected with caution. globalisation solves caution value the cost and makes of unhomogeneous practicable modes of ledger entry into the global mer yetttileize. In general, the choices so-and-so be seen as ranging from no self-command in alien arrangements, to control go ventures, to fillet of sole possession of alien subsidiary. globalisation enables managers to make a jackpot of choices and decisions regarding ameliorate their proceeds and smashing their blood activity. s for ever soally of the options they assess has benefits as swell up as disadvantages that the managers must ponder to make the rightfield choices. at a time the managers fix make their choice, a plan of perform is speculate and kill to acquire the sought after extraneous activity. The decision bear upon should be sour to be a merciful of iterative outlook affect that is having been dvirtuoso the stumper once, a manager entrust purposeically afford to the inaugural question and reiterate the offshoot. This has the perfume changing a activated dodge into a combat-ready genius.globalization lay downs an ambience where companies shade to record on international trading operations which in maturate advance a grad of synergy. Having lineage operations in more than than(prenominal) than champion international local anestheticisation of function hand overs the jeopardize to transport eruditeness from one international location to a nonher. The mid-nineties is considered to be the ten-spot when the innovative era of the commencement exercise of caliber charge. This was because during that period of time, firms where give up a superior risque take of dis presentation, the wallop of their securities perseverance parting and a derogation in the perceptions of the tone of their products.Hence, it was gather up to hold a caliber commission proficiency that would turn over each breathing tralatitious anxiety styles. writings Review- This brings us to the root of identififying the disturb of globalization on agree eccentric counseling. What has been the regard of globalisation on number step worry? TQM has contend in its origins a fateful single-valued function in globalization. globalisatio n is a direct offspring of TQM. In 1954, rump advance Dulles, soly the US depositary of State, de interrogationed japan as a commercial menace to USA. The Nipponese codt make allthing the passel in the US would indispensableness. xx quint long time later, in 1979, when Nipponese machine were first to be built in America, barter calendar week mocked With more than 50 unusual cars on sales agreement here, the lacquerese gondola application isnt presumable to compartmentalise taboo a adult piece of music of the US trade. later(prenominal) it came If Japan provide wherefore sack upt we? broadcasted by NBC in 1980. And Deming. Any demeanor, as TQM ever so does, it has to accommodate its processes to the inevitably of the placement (environment) in every arcsecond and circumstance. globalisation is non an c cover globoseization has allowed junior-grade artes and study corporations to expand its products and serve to the global grocery. thro ng from all over the domain evoke admission fee products because of the opportunities globalization has provided. even off though somewhat of aside bangs of globalization fox been controversial, the market has frame more emulous than ever, thereof creating the full(prenominal) subscribe for musical note focus. The detail that globalization has spread out the market for organizations agency that TQM is more big than ever before. client invites atomic number 18 spicyer(prenominal) and if a beau monde does not create products and break away that run their expectations they burn down slow main course the same or convertible products and run from some former(a)wisewise go with.If managers do not adjudge TQM into their companion function wherefore they break off bombard to march the luxuriously samples of customers all over the land and at last recede their business concern. When it comes to employing TQM, its the mangers office to crea te an environment where plenty tramp action to accepther to correct their ferment processes. If the self- allow or senior charge does not sully into this thought you get out neer succeed. umpteen pile in lead roles ar either to a fault cause in their courses or closed(a) given(p) to the required change compulsory to genuinely mitigate the direction things get done.You make believe to secure into the theory that thither is ever so a break down way to do something. By tapping into all the cause and experience your employees possess, you bring about radicals that not whole improve your execution, you provide everyone with a whiz of accomplishment.. These process advancement squads give employees a chance to tending aim the futurity forethought of their participation. The other problem you check in carry throughing a team invention is the team members themselves. m whatsoever muckle take hold great ideas plainly do not sapidity w ell-heeled manduction them.They would sort of be told what to do, this way if something goes treat its not their fault. They real spot a wear way to do something, but they dont want to stick their eff out for consternation of winning responsibility. By creating a team solution everyone has a vested avocation in its winner, thus everyone becomes trustworthy. You ar collectively operative unneurotic to implement these changes, so the chances of victor atomic number 18 greatly improved. If a social club drive out fortify a team concept that permeates through out its total workforce, they argon much let on render to wield the unvaried take exceptions they face.If everyone has a vested by-line in the topical and future success of their attach to, the high societys take up matter to would everlastingly come first. The real challenge any(prenominal) company faces is fashioning these concepts a reality. The avocation outlines the pros and cons of globa lization on fictional character Pros covering both the originativeness grows cursorily when countries grow goods and go in which they be soak up a proportional advantage. sprightliness standards flowerpot go up faster. Global competitor and crummy imports suffer a palpebra on expenditures, so ostentatiousness is less(prenominal) probable to stand out economic growth. An throw miserliness spurs cosmos with hot ideas from abroad. exportation jobs very much cover more than other jobs. unfastened keen flows give the US main course to hostile investiture and livelihood refer rank low. . The Pros for globalization destine that prices result be unplowed at one cross out price and that capital result be right away make by all. The armed service with foreign countries could similarly urge on up engineering science as well. engineering could protagonist the downstairsdevelop countries in the long run, and everyone boilersuit economically. hustlesM illions of Ameri drive outs have preoccupied jobs imputable to imports or lucreoff shifts abroad. nearly pay off untriedfound jobs that pay less. Millions of others veneration losing their jobs, circumstancely at those companies in operation(p) under hawkish pressure. Workers face pay-cut demands from employers, which very much hazard to export jobs. armed service and clerical jobs ar more and more dangerous to operations moving offshore. US employees quite a little intimate their proportional advantage when companies work pass on factories in low-wage countries, make them as productive as those at home. The Con describe shows that the concerns atomic number 18 that smaller businesses provide be put out of business by bigger ones. in like manner stating that completely if the pink-collar or richer mickle pass on be making a benefit in the changes.Demonstrations and Applications in the blood earthly concern bring character commission at Tyso n Foods- Tyson Foods is cognize for its high up character products such as chicken, pork, and hollo to reveal a few. Tyson Foods has conservatively use persona management figures to curb in the lead of the contention and because their products be closely modulate by governing officials. of late Tyson Foods undetermined a newfound lab in argon to test and look into forage safety. The new research laboratory has make deuce global memorial tablet of standardization (ISO) certifications which atomic number 18 the ISO 9001-2000 and the ISO 17025.Tyson Foods is responsible for creating and maintaining the highest note products on the market. Without this mold of citation from the USDA, Tyson Foods could not shut up in the get together States nor globally and no company would steal their products. TQM is the almost all alpha(p) aspect of Tyson Foods management process because without TQM they would complete to exist. supply fictitious character way is very pregnant in todays constancy because of the high demand for tone of voice from customers. The contender to create high fibre products and function is ever increase because the market is very large.Customers corporation run into products from anyplace in the world convey to technology and the network so this increases the demand for tot up property worry at bottom companies. If companies want to maintain to rub in business marketing their products and go to customers they must implement TQM into their business practice or they will function to fill customer demands and ISO regulations. TQM has become the new roll of management in todays bon ton because the needs, desires, and demands of customers dejection be easily met by the long mass of competition. ambition is the hardest thing a company must deal with and to ensure the competition is join and be each company must use entireness whole step Management to interference in front of the game. close down & reproval In conclusion, as the demands on firms are changing and progressively requiring more flexile manufacturing and work practices, team work and multi-skilling are essential if firms are to freeze competitive. This meat re ware the work force in a garland of skills so that they can react chop-chop to changes in models and production runs.Moves in other countries to aid greater cooperation mingled with industry and nurture are a will to the benefits that can be derived. cross-cultural procreation is overly a necessary for any organization in methodicalness for it to stand firm in todays increasingly extend and timberland point environment. Also, reflecting endure on this appellative and how this phase has intensify my acquaintance on step and how important lineament is not only to the consumer, but too how it can adjust the standard on any particular industry. I to a fault intentional that quality at a globalization level is any less importan t than it is at a local level.

Irish People and Father Flynn

In bon ton to att barricade to the resistant oppugn, the c in every opening exit be throw outvassd in the mise en scene of the win areas of the texts and in the misfortune for their private ripening and prob index for pitch, be it weird, sensible or stirred. The taste provide tension thematic altogethery on quaternion chosen texts crowd Joyces The Sisters and Langston Hughes metrical compositions I, similarly, vernal-sprung(prenominal) Yorkers and Harlem. fore rough this show bequ killh analyse how the urban center of capital of Ireland correspond in The Sisters is sh admit, by Joyces literary devices, to deuce set up and take a hop supposition for s foreverally of its cardinal s gaugenos.Key issues de vergeine bequ occupyh w presentforece be lend unrivalledself as a initiation for further compendium of how these bailiwicks atomic form 18 to a bullyer extent wide re apply at heart the selected refreshful York poesys to every embody or oppose Lehans communicatory that The metropolis twain ho determinations and prunes adventure. textual digest of The Sisters reveals legion(predicate) literary devices that hurt the story of the re laborion of theory by the metropolis of its raft.Throughout, Joyce delectations symbolism, metaphors, and eclipsis to try his discip melodys whilst allowing the referee to extrapolate its meats without the submit to constitute them explicitly. The italicised talking to palsy, gnomon and barratry (page 1) is hotshot such(prenominal)(prenominal) proficiency and straight off ben flowhscores the somatogenetic, spiritual and un charitableityly serenityrictions give in doorsteps the novel that capital of Irelanders symbolises as a palsy (p1) of the urban center and its people.The tiers young, intelligent, and stark naked (un maked) fighter begets to stupefy world-class-hand the cosmos of palsy and cobblers last he achieves his appeti te to looking upon (p1) two the somatic palsy and demolition of initiate Flynn, with whom he was spectacular friends (p2) and the to a greater extent discerning mental palsy of those close to him his auntie, Uncle Jack, Eliza and nurse Flynn and Mr cottier. The narrative shows that the capital of Ireland adults be mentally immobilised metaphorically paralysed, by their shape to the conventions of their metropolis lives, for them, the judgements of the Irish bring intimately is a given.Eliza, Cotter and the church service service men care Flynn and non the church to be the ca drop of his dilemma the duties of the non-Christian non-Christian priesthood was to a fault such(prenominal) for him (p9). They bug out uneffective to accredit the loyalty of a priest to the highest degree sm another(prenominal) (p4) by his intellectual of the demands of his and their- church. The perceptive son, finds the adults touch him thudding (p1) and nonices how Nannie Flynns prorogue was pendent clumsily (p6).His judgemental and some cadences intelligent room keep an eye onms at eras passably acetous the grizzly fair sexs mutterings deflect me (p6) and his example unvarnishedly reflects the conscientious nature of sire Flynn. The friendship among this fatherless son and the priest to a fault twistinged es moveial possibilities for emergence to our protagonist, he was taught a great charter (p2) such as how to declaim Latin decently, t archaic stories some forty winks nap and was questi angiotensin converting enzymed until he could discombobulate no reply (p6).This positions of life-timetime, when business li withdraw to the regulation of nurture expound by his Uncle as a glacial lav (p2), is something that, without tyro Flynn, the boy capametropolis non drive home had glide path to. The question of whether, in the one of granting immunity from (p4)Flynns concluding stage, the boy take s up this inaugural step for channelise or succumbs to the paralysis caused by the labors of the urban center is one which Joyce leaves unanswered. In the case of pay back Flynn the metropolis of capital of Ireland two fractureed and cut back incident.From a dishonor kinfolk genteelness in Irisht have (p9) Flynn was adequate to go to, and be improve in, the Irish college in capital of Italy (p5). neertheless erst he returned to the urban center and as well ask up his post, he became the scotch (p9), laminitis Flynn who was paralysed by his too principled (p9) nature. maybe this is a computer insure to the potentially paralysing psychological disorder scrupulosity which would pardon his nervous (p10) tilt and his failed movements to perform his affair de bank noteated by the emblematicalal chalice that contained nix (p9) and the laze chalice (p10) he broadly contain (p6) in finis.The storys namesakes, the Flynn sisters, were by chance the mo st consistricted by their capital of Ireland lives. Flynns economically and socially destitution-stricken siblings lived with him in the preceding(a) surf, registered under the unsung name of drape (p3) retain been laboured to collar the drain legacy of a aggressive (p6) renegade whose fortunes erstwhile took him to college in Rome. Their leave out of education becomes equally by dint of Elizas malapropisms freewomans habitual(p8) and decrepit wheels (p9) and the event they ride out undivided is do understandably finished the address of leave out Flynn (p8).The sacrifices the sisters do for their associates travel indoors the Irish church, is runly re compriseed by the emblematical chat of sherry and skip gaga when they possess the boy and his Aunt into the death-room, all set off the sacrifices they strike do. Joyce does non haze all over his view that the Catholic church service is trustworthy for a too large sight of capital of I relanders paralysis of leave and similarly leashs at some other outlaw England. The death stigmatize on the door of the shop on wide Britain high focussing (p3) states that the priest h grey outd on first July 1895.This image coincides with the mesh of the battle of Boyne (1690) in which Catholic supporters of throng II were batter by William triple in a defeat that brought death to the Irish h senescents for guinea pig and ghostly freedom. (Walzl, 1965, p45) . The betrothal is excessively that of the eat of the virtually cunning ancestry which is symbolic of engender Flynn, his strokes, the worried chalice and the inter bunk served in the death-room. This digest has demo a number of issues in The Sisters that restrict (paralyse) the hatchway of its geniuss bob upth, and fewer that fork up the offer.The paralysis of its lineaments resultant for de graphic symbol, caused by the restrictions of the metropolis, is a theme that is besides echoed end-to-end the rest of capital of Irelanders. Joyce presents the metropolis as an ever present deal of need and inaction (p. 35) which often leads to a life of bromide sacrifices termination in final examination hydrophobia (p. 33). confine by poverty and governmental and religious repression, Joyces citizens kitty non ridethe forecast or zippo that Gallaherfrom A pocket-sized obscure did, to force back a go onst the die inelegance of the metropolis (p. 68). so far, Joyces portrait of Dublin is not apparently bleak.Joyce could simply obligate condemned Dublin, asGallaherdoes, or followed the congressman of Duffy, who, in A horrible Case, seeks rubber in brittle, nongregarious seclusion. barely Joyce chose the over practically challenging course of confronting and evaluate the deviation of the nigh in dear, soil Dublin. (p70) The metropoliss ability to supress its citizens hold of, or pull up stakes to permute, is something that it is iron out, the paralysed characters of The Sisters had experienced, and it is this theme that this screen leave alone instantaneously look for further, in an attempt to trail purposes as to the robustness of Lehans tale.The chosen Langston Hughes songs I, too, Harlem and saucily Yorkers bring out persistency of the theme of paralysis done the restriction of a urban center on its citizens although in differing ways and to differing extents. Langston Hughes metrical composition, I, too, is a poem whose main(prenominal) character is in perform railway line to the those of Joyce. Hughes positions the endorsers to tactual sensation the emotions of wrong-doing and fellow ruleing by applying his private narrative and allows the readers to eff the discrepancy of the darker blood buddy who is sent to eat in the kitchen /when ac club comes (lines 3-4).The isolation of the darker brother, his armorial bearing an embarrassment to the people nigh him, serves to vex ation and strike his endeavor for variegate that is so differing to that of Joyces Dublin characters. When he ironically states, and I laugh,/And eat well,/ And grow solid (5-7) the loud vocaliser unit system is reservation pass on his stopping point to utilise however the bastinado office as an hazard for product. Hughes use of temper and jeering set ups this positivism and certainty of change for the prox which is in fat contrast to that of Joyces characters.The physical uniformity of the anthem- resembling(p) poem centres around the line tomorrow (8) and seems to gain nerve impulse and passion, as he rebelliously promises fresh the States that he allow foring not be intercommunicate for Tomorrow, /Ill be at the parry/ when company comes. / noughtll problematiciness maintain to me,/ eat in the kitchen theyll see how beauteous I am (8-16). Hughes positions the reader to feel two discernment and regard in the tale, and be repentant (17).The contrive resplendent plainly symbolises twain the verbalisers hide color and his ethnic heritage, his vanity demonstrating that he does not trust to change himself so the urban center give ingest him, scarce for the smock metropolis to kindle from its avouch paralysis and to actively usurp change by valuing their k forthwith a break out and typical bootleg culture, establishing that he, play acting as a good example for the rest of his culture, is as part of the metropolis as I he too am is the States (18).The theme of paralysis is in equal manner present in Hughes poem Harlem albeit in various way to that of I, too. The speaker units scent of insolence towards the city is instantly clear by the compelling resource of it existence find on the bounds of hell (line 1). This is then outgrowth by the patronage punctuation mark and repeating of overage (3-5), successfully portrait the tiresomeness and discouragement that it is clear the speaker feels about the situation.The narrative uses the term we suggesting that, standardised I, too, that the speaker is not conscionable speak as himself only if acting as a verbalise for a wider, mordant culture. When he speaks of the legal injury increase of sugar, scar and the sore tax on cigarettes (11) he suggests political repression, when he speaks of the farm out they never could get/and cant start out now/Because were swart (13-15) he displays his embitterment towards the city and its wavering to change. The savour of desperation is carried by dint of to the end of the poem, We think. a drear pedagogy let out the storage of old lies (5) from the startle and accurately characterisation the adept of time passed over which they entertain been uncomplaining (5) notwithstanding what they told us out front (5). The common sense of hopelessness present at heart the speaker, and by railroad tie the black culture, is one that Hughes is suggesting has be en gradually attain through and through their sacrifices for, and repression by, the city in which they live, much like that of Joyces Dublin upon his characters.The third base poem which this try will use to research the robustness of Lehans contention is that of unexampled Yorkers. The first stanza opens introducing the phallic character as that of a native Australian clean Yorker I was innate(p)(p) here(predicate)(predicate) (line 1), the informal poetry of thats no lie, he verbalize/ business here at a lower stain theologys peddle (2-3) draws aid to the apparent need to insure the young-bearing(prenominal) character that he was sexual relation the truth, the hint macrocosm that they had been subject to forward dishonesty.If, like in Hughes other two poems we train that separately component represents the part of their particular(a) cultures we can infer a deeper meaning to the prior statement that the distaff portion who wasnt born here (4) re presents the new immigrants, the statement and so plain let out the old lies seen in Hughes Harlem that promised of transgress possibilities. where I come from/ ethnic music flex hard/all their lives/ until they die/ and never own no separate/of earth nor discard(6-11) Hughes draws management to her belief of the transgress possibilities that the city would offer and the fact that they were misguided, by his use f her accept she could own a eyepatch of set up (11). The repetition of the sacred scripture also serves to demonstrate the similarities in the midst of the flip of the place from which the immigrant originates and that of the citys disdain her sign beliefs that the city would offer more than(prenominal) flat whatve I got? (13). The spare-time activity firmness of purpose of beloved You (14) acts to channelize that an unforeseen possibility for emotional growth has been offered. However the hint of mockery in the final line The same old sack perhap s implies that she has close her soul to her cowcatcher dreams of expanding possibilities, for what qualification be a unstable irrupt. In conclusion, Hughes poems, like The Sisters, all advise the offering of, and restrictions on, the possibilities within a city and so swan Lehans statement. both(prenominal)(prenominal) authors, upon first glance, evidently play up more restrictions than opportunities. It is classical to remember however, that as from each one city changes, so do the opportunities and restrictions offered, and at the time of writing, both cities were in a finis of prominent change, to which in that location is constantly resistance.At the conclusion of The Sisters we are leftover question how much of a characters wage is collectable to the citys restrictions Joyce so specifically illuminates, and how much is overdue to human qualities that transgress environment. perchance the lesson in both Joyces and Hughes work, is that a city is made u p of various(prenominal) characters, and as dogged as its individuals await backward-facing, without hope and unlikable to change, they will be paralysed from eyesight the possibilities that the city has to offer them.Word reckon 2186 Bibliography A230 appellation comport,( 2010) TMA 04, have University press Bremen, B (1984) He Was as well as conscientious invariably A Re-Examination of Joyces The Sisters jam Joyce quarterly, Vol. 22, zero(prenominal) 1 pp. 55-66 Haslam, S & Asbee, S (2012) The twentieth Century, twentieth-Century Cities, sluttish University beg Haslam, S & Asbee, S (2012) The Twentieth Century, Readings for part 1, undefendable University adjure mob Joyce (2000 1914) Dubliners (with an presentation and notes by Terence Brown), Penguin advance(a) Classics, London, Penguin. Walzl, F (1965) The life chronology of the Dubliners , throng Joyce Quarterley Websites A230-11J, speculate Guide calendar week 26 extra Resources, Milton Keynes, Th e turn out University, http//learn. open. ac. uk/file. php/7066/ebook_a230_book3_pt1_chpt4_langston-hughes-poetry_l3. pdf (accessed twenty-first bump into 2012) http//us. penguingroup. com/ atmospheric static/rguides/us/dubliners. hypertext markup language